1.1. Refining processes
1.1.1. Introduction, brief history of Crude processing, types of Refineries
1.1.2. Simple refineries
1.1.3. Complex refineries
1.1.4. Nature of Crude Oil, its role and applications of derivatives
1.1.5. Crude oil types, composition, constituents
1.1.6. Crude oil classification
1.1.7. The Process Flows of the MOL Refineries (BR;DR; TR;ZR)
1.2. Basic Parameters, Characteristics used in Oil/Gas Processing
1.2.1. Process Parameters
1.2.2. Characteristics of Hydrocarbons and Utilities
1.2.3. Major Characteristics of the Motor Fuels
1.2.4. Quality Control at Refinery
1.3. Basic Equipment types found at the Refinery
1.3.1. Vessel-type Equipment, storages, receivers, KO-Drums, Separators, etc
1.3.2. Columns
1.3.3. Reactors
1.3.4. Heat Exchangers
1.3.5. Filters
1.3.6. Pumps
1.3.7. Compressors, Blowers
1.3.8. Furnaces
1.3.9. Miscellaneous
1.4. Simple (non-chemical) Processes utilised by Refineries
1.4.1. Dewatering, Desalting
1.4.1.1 The Equipment, Flexibility of Operation
1.4.2. Distillation
1.4.1.2 Atmospheric Distillation
1.4.1.3 Vacuum Distillation
1.4.1.4 Stripping
1.4.1.5 Super fractionation
1.4.1.6 The Equipment, Flexibility of Operation
1.4.3. Solvent Separation Techniques
1.4.1.7 Deasphalting
1.4.1.8 Solvent Refining
1.4.1.9 Dewaxing
1.4.1.10 The Equipment, Flexibility of Operation
1.4.1.11 Adsorption, Absorption, Chemisorption
1.5. Blending and storage
1.5.1. Blending theory, software
1.5.2. Blending processes at Refinery
1.6. Tank farms
1.6.1. Tank farm of BR (role, segmentation, location, capacities, connections, etc.)
1.6.2. Tank farm of DR (role, segmentation, location, capacities, connections, etc.)
1.7. Process control systemms
1.7.1. Basics of process control
1.7.2. Field instrumentation and control rooms
1.7.3. Interlock systems
1.7.4. Advanced process control
1.7.5. Operator training systems
2.0. Refinery Processes
2.1. Crude Distillation Units
2.1.1. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.1.2. Feed, Product Characteristics
2.1.3. Related Units, Interdependences
2.1.4. CDU-s at BR
2.1.5. CDU-s at DR
Visiting the sites covered in previous lectures
2.2. Catalytic reforming and isomerisation
2.2.1. Simplified Chemistry of Octane Improvement
2.2.2. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.2.3. Feed, Product Characteristics
2.2.4. Related Units, Interdependences
2.2.5. Pretreater units, their role
2.2.6. Reforming Units at BR
2.2.7. Reforming Units at DR
2.3. Aromatic Extraction Units
2.3.1. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.3.2. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.3.3. Related Units, Interdependences
2.3.4. Identical Aromatics Rectification
2.3.5. Aromatic Extraction/Rectification Units at BR
2.3.6. Aromatic Extraction/Rectification Units at DR
2.3.7. Development Scenarios (by DST)
Visiting the sites covered in previous lectures
2.4. Gasoil Hydrotreating Units
2.4.1. General Hydrotreating Theory, Chemistry, Catalyst, Parameters
2.4.2. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.4.3. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.4.4. Related Units, Interdependences
2.4.5. ULSD Unit at BR (HRP-7)
2.4.6. ULSD Unit at DR (GOK-3)
2.4.7. ULSD Unit at TR
2.5. Vacuum Gasoil Hydrotreating Units
2.5.1. General Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking Theory, Chemistry, Catalyst, Parameters
2.5.2. Hydrodewaxing Theory, Chemistry, Catalyst, Parameters
2.5.3. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.5.4. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.5.5. Related Units, Interdependences
2.5.6. VGH Unit at BR
2.5.7. HDS-MIC Unit at DR
Visiting the sites covered in previous lectures
2.6. Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units
2.6.1. General FCC Theory, Chemistry, Catalyst, Parameters
2.6.2. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.6.3. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.6.4. Related Units, Interdependences
2.6.5. FCC at BR
2.6.6. FCC at DR
2.7. Alkylation of Light Ends
2.7.1. General Alkylation Theory, Chemistry, Catalyst, Parameters
2.7.2. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.7.3. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.7.4. Related Units, Interdependences
2.7.5. SAA at BR
2.7.6. HFA at DR
2.8. Etherification Units (MTBE, ETBE, TAME)
2.8.1. General Etherification Theory, Chemistry, Catalyst, Parameters
2.8.2. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.8.3. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.8.4. Related Units, Interdependences
2.8.5. ETBE at BR
2.8.6. MTBE and BEK-5 at DR
Visiting the sites covered in previous lectures
2.9. VGO Hydrockracking Unit
2.9.1. General Hydrocracking Theory, Chemistry, Catalyst, Parameters
2.9.2. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.9.3. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.9.4. Related Units, Interdependences
2.9.5. The BR KHK Unit
2.9.6. Development Projects of DR
2.10. Hydrogen Production Units
2.10.1. General Theory of Steam Reforming, Chemistry, Catalyst, Parameters
2.10.2. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.10.3. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.10.4. Related Units, Interdependences
2.10.5. The BR HPP Units
2.10.6. The DR HPP Units
2.10.5. Development Projects related to Hydrogen Production
Visiting the sites covered in previous lectures
2.11. Delayed Coking
2.11.1. General Theory of DC, Chemistry, Catalyst, Parameters
2.11.2. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.11.3. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.11.4. Related Units, Interdependences
2.11.5. The DR DCU
2.11.6. Special site visit
2.12. Sulfur Recovery Units
2.12.1. General Theory of Claus Processes, Chemistry,Catalyst,Parameters
2.12.2. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.12.3. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.12.4. Related Units, Interdependences
2.12.5. The BR Claus Units
2.12.6. The DR Claus Units
2.13. SWS Units
2.13.1. General Theory of Sour Water Stripping, Chemistry,Catalyst,Parameters
2.13.2. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.13.3. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.13.4. Related Units, Interdependences
2.13.5. The BR SWS Units
2.13.6. The DR SWS Units
2.14. Gas Treating and Recovery Unit at BR
2.14.1. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.14.2. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.14.3. Related Units, Interdependences
Visiting the sites covered in previous lectures
2.15. Gas Treating and Recovery Unit at DR
2.15.1. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.15.2. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.15.3. Related Units, Interdependences
2.15.4. Special site visit
2.16. Ethylbenzene Unit at the BR
2.16.1. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.16.2. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.16.3. Related Units, Interdependences
2.17. ETOX Unit at the BR
2.17.1. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.17.2. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.17.3. Related Units, Interdependences
2.18. Cumene and the Phenol Units at the BR
2.18.1. Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.18.2. Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.18.3. Related Units, Interdependences
Visiting the sites covered in previous lectures
2.19. Utility Systems of DR
2.19.1. BFW/Steam/Condensate Systems
2.19.2. Cooling Water Systems
2.19.3. Elecrical Supply Center, Substations
2.19.4. FG Network
2.19.5. Fuel Oil Utilization
2.19.6. Flare System
2.20. Utility Systems of BR
2.20.1. BFW/Steam/Condensate Systems
2.20.2. Cooling Water Systems
2.20.3. Elecrical Supply Center, Substations
2.20.4. Power Plant
2.20.5. FG Network
2.20.6. Fuel Oil Utilization
2.20.7. Flare System
Visiting the sites covered in previous lectures
2.21. LC Fining
2.21.1 General Theory of LC Fining, Chemistry,Catalyst,Parameters
2.21.2 Technology, Material-Utilities Balance, Flexibility, Cost drivers
2.21.3 Feed types by source, Product Characteristics
2.21.4 Related units, Interdependances
2.21.5 The BR LC Finer unit
Special site visit